In October 2019, the APA introduced The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association 7th Edition.
Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association by
Citation Component |
Component Explanation |
| Author, A. A. |
Begin with the author's last name, followed by a comma and author's initial(s) for sources with up to 20 authors. End this entry with a period. |
|
(Year of publication). |
Include the year of publication in both the reference citation and the in-text citation. For the reference citation, the year is in parenthesis. End this entry with a period. |
| Title. |
Titles of books should be in italics while titles of articles should not. Capitalize only the first world of the title, the first word after a colon, and proper names. End this entry with a period. |
| Title of Larger Work, |
The container title should be italicized and all important words should be capitalized (unless it is a book title). If the source is a chapter from book or entry in a larger work then the title of the container is preceded by "In". End this entry with a comma. |
| Version/Volume |
If the source is listed as an edition or version of a work, include it in the citation. For multi-volume books, include the volume number in parentheses. End this entry with a period. If noting a journal volume, it should be italicized and followed directly (no space) by issue number in parentheses. This entry is not followed by punctuation. |
| (Number), pages. | If the source is part of a numbered sequence (multivolume book or journal with both volume and issue numbers), list those numbers. Do not italicize. Follow directly by page numbers of article or chapter. End this entry with a period. |
| Publisher. | For books and other print resources include the publishing company's name. End this entry with a period. |
| DOI | If using an electronic source, complete the citation with the DOI or URL if there is no DOI. For articles from library databases, use the DOI. |
Author, A. A., & Author B. B. (Year of publication). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume(issue), page range. http://doi.org/0000000
Author, A. A. (Year, Month Date). Title of page. Site name. http://URLGoesHere.com
Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume(issue). http://doi.org/0000000
Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle. Publisher.
Author, A. A., Author, B.B., & Author, C.C. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle. Publisher.
Editor, A. A. (Ed.). (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle. Publisher.
Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle. J.K. Editor (Ed.). Publisher.
Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of entry. In Title of Encyclopedia. Retrieved Month day, year, from http://www.URLGoesHere.com
Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle [Webinar]. Publisher. http://www.URLGoesHere.com
Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Title of work [Video]. YouTube. https://www.URLGoesHere.com